Evaluation of impaired glucose tolerance test in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Disorders of carbohydrate metablolism are among metabolic disorders which can be encountered in patients with PCO syndrome. The present study was designed to assess the relationship between PCOS and glucose intolerance in patients referring to obstetric clinic in Sanansaj in 2004. This study was a descriptive case-control study. The case group included 126 women at reproductive age with PCOS, confirmed with clinical, sonographic and laboratory data. Control group consisted of 126 women without any evidence of PCOS that were matched with the case group for age, weight, height, pregnancy number, method of contraception, history of abortion and still birth. Oral glucose tolerance test [GTT] using a st and ard 75 g glucose was performed and LH and FSH were checked for all subjects. Using SPSS win soft ware, data were analyzed by means of chi-square [lamda[2]] and T-tests. According to the results of this study the mean level of blood glucose, fasting and after 1 hour, did not show any significant differences; but after 2 and 3 hours we found remarkable differences in the glucose values between the two groups. Impaired glucose tolerance test was significantly higher in the case group. [17 vs. 2 and p=0.001 OR=9.67 Cl 2.08

Epidemiological survey of gestational trophoblastic disease in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj from 1373 to 1382

Gestational trophoblastic diseases are among the cases of high risk pregnancies. Lack of timely diagnosis may lead to complications such as high morbidity and mortality, HTN and hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and epidemiologic status of gestational trophoblastic diseases in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj from 1373 to 1382. This descriptive study included all normal deliveries, cesarean sections, and curettages of the moles in Beast Hospital from 1373 to 1382. The sampling method was census. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistical methods using SPSS win 11 program. The results of this study showed that the incidence of trophoblastic diseases was 2.02 per 1000 pregnancy, namely 81 cases out of 39979. 78 [96.3%] patients had hydatidiform mole, 2 cases [2.5%] invasive mole and 1 case [1.2%] choriocarcinoma. The mean age of the patients was 27.2 +/- 5.2 years. 30 cases [38%] had history of abortion. The incidence of gestational trophoblastic diseases and the mean age of these patients in Sanandaj are the same as those of others regions of Iran. Therefore routine sonography in the first trimester, for rapid diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases is recommended

[Comparative efficacy of combination of propofol or thiopental with remifentanil on tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants]

In some medical situations administration of muscle relaxants after intravenous anesthetics for tracheal intubation may be unnecessary or sometimes could be hazardous. In such situations, replacing an alternative drug for the facilitation of tracheal intubation is obvious. Remifentanil is a short acting opioid drug which may be useful in solving this problem. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of propofol or thiopental in combination with remifentanil in the absence of muscle relaxants on larengoscopy and intubation conditions in general anesthesia. This is a randomized double-blind clinical trial which was performed in 1386 in Be'sat hospital of Sanandaj. Forty two ASA 1 and 2 patients recruited to receive propofol, 2 Mg/Kg, or thiopental, 5Mg/K. All patients received lidocaine, 1.5Mg/Kg, and remifentanil, 2.5 micro g/Kg, 30 seconds before anesthetics administration. Iarenoscopy and tracheal intubation were done 90 seconds after induction of anesthesia. On the basis of mask ventilation, jaw relaxation, vocal cords position and patient's response to intubations and endotracheal tube cuff inflation the intubation conditions were assessed and recorded as excellent, good, acceptable or poor. The mean arterial pressure and heart rate were measured before and after anesthetics administration and also 45 seconds and two and five minutes after intubations. Data were analyzed by X[2], fisher exact test and student T-test using SPSS software. Excellent or good larengoscopy and intubation conditions were observed in 9 [%42.9] of thiopental patients and 20 [%95.2] of propofol patients [p<0.05]. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate decreased more significantly in propofol group in comparison with the thiopental group [p<0.05]. Combination of remifentanil and propofol or thiopental could facilitate ventilation via face mask in all patients. Although combination of propofol and remifentanil is better than thiopental and remifentanil for tracheal intubation without muscle relaxants, it induces more homodynamic changes

[Spasmolytic effects of vitis vinifera leaf hydroalcoholic extract on rat colon]

The grape leaf [Vitis vinifera] has been used traditionally to treat diarrhea. We have recently showed that the grape leaf extract induces relaxation in rat aorta, vas deferens, and uterus. The vasorelaxatory effect on aorta was mostly dependent on endothelium, and the NO was involved; but in uterus and vas deferens, the relaxatory effect was dependent on voltage dependent calcium channels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of grape leaf hydroalcoholic extract on rat colon contractions induced by some spasmogens and its mechanism[s]. Extract was prepared by the macerated method using 70% alcohol for 72 h, and the solvent was then evaporated. In a male adult Sprague Dawley rat anaesthetized by ether and after laparatomy, two pieces [1 cm] of distal colon was removed. In an organ bath containing Tyrode solution, colon was mounted and an isotonic transducer under 1 g resting tension recorded the contractions. In the separate protocols, KCl [60 mM], BaCl[2] [4 mM], acetylcholine [1 microM] induced contraction and extract was added to organ bath [0.5, 1,2 and 4 mg/ml] cumulatively. The results showed that Vitis vinifera leaf hydroalcoholic extract [VLHE] reduces contractions induced by these spasmogens [n=7, p<0.0001] and in a dose dependent manner. The spasmolytic effect of VLHE on ACh-induced contraction was unaffected by propranolol as the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist [1 microM, for 30 min], L-NAME as a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor [300 microM, for 30 min]. Neither phentolamine as the non-selective alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist [1 microM, for 30 min] nor naloxone [opioid antagonist, 1 microM, for 30 min] was ineffective on VLHE spasmolytic activity. Blocking the ATP-dependent potassium channels by glibenclamide [3 microM, for 30 min] had no effect on the extract spasmolytic activity. But adding tetraethylammonium [TEA, 5 mM] to the extract-induced relaxation, caused colon contraction. These results suggest that the VLHE spasmolytic effect is due, at least in part, to blockade of the voltage dependent calcium channels. The calcium dependent potassium channels are also involved. Furthermore, alpha and beta-adrenergic, NO and opioid receptors were not involved

Effect of thyriod hormones on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion due to histamine, carbachol and pentagastrin in rats

Thyroid hormones affect gastric acid secretion. As the mechanism of this effect has not been fully known, in this experimental study the isolated gastric acid secretion of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats were compared with control group by the administration of different doses of pentagastrin, histamine and carbachol as gastric acid secretion stimulators. This study was carried out in Ahwaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran in the year 2000. Each group were consisted of 8 rats [N-mari] of both sexes with a mean weight of 246 +/- 5 grams. Hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states were induced respectively by adding methimazole [500 mg/liter] for 20 days and thyroxin [500 ug/liter] for 35 days in animals drinking water. After general anesthesia, by intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiopental [50 mg/kg body weight], celiotomy was carried out quickly. The end of esophagus was tied and a silicon tube [2-2.5 mm] was entered into the stomach via duodenum and fasted in pylor region. The stomach was isolated by cutting the esophagus proximal to the tied region and the proximal part of duodenum and put into cold serous solution. After washing the serous and mucus surfaces by serous and mucus solutions, the stomach was transferred immediately to a tissue bath containing warm serous solution [V= 40 ml, T= 370C]. Gastric acid secretion in isolated stomach stimulated by pentagastrin, carbachol and histamine was measured by wash out technique and automatic titrator. Moreover, to study the effect of thyroid hormones on gastric acid secretion a number of dose-dependent experiments after the administration of different doses of histamine [50, 100, 150, 200 umol], carbachol [50, 100, 150, 200 umol], and pentagastrin [30, 60, 90, 120 ug/kg body weight] were performed. Both basal and histamine, carbachol, pentagastrin stimulated-acid secretion decreased and increased in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups compared with control group. It seems that thyroid hormones have not exert their effects by changing the cholinergic, gastrin and histamine receptors but probably by alerting the number or size of the secretory cells in stomach